Problem
in case of a Thermal Runaway Lithium-ion battery cells release various gases and solids that potentially health-endangering properties Understanding these emissions is crucial to minimising risks to people and the environment.
process description
A Thermal Runaway can be determined in the laboratory by targeted heating of the cells. At temperatures above 150°C Several destabilizing effects occur in the cells, including:
- decomposition of the active material
- evaporation of the electrolyte, what to a pressure build-up leads
- Destruction of the separator
These processes use the stored energy in the cell electrical power in the form of warmth free and cause a exothermic reaction. At the same time, various chemical substances released, some of which react with each other again, producing substances that hazardous to health .
methods for determining emissions
- Gas emissions: The released gases are collected by means of a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) This method enables precise identification and quantification of gaseous emissions.
- solid emissions: The escaping solids are collected and then filtered with a energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) examined for their chemical composition.
Conclusion
The investigation of gas and solid emissions at a Thermal Runaway in lithium-ion batteries provides valuable information about the potential hazards posed by leaking substances. The tests carried out help to safety precautions and Risk assessment for the handling of lithium-ion batteries.