Problem: First-time determination of emissions without standards
As part of this investigation, the dust and gaseous emissions on solar power modules be determined for the first time, as there are currently no Regulations or Standards for the implementation or determination of limit values there. To gas and dust analysis An accredited method was used, which is often used for Determination of Airbag Emissions is used. In addition, the ash residue the samples were examined.
Procedure: Tests under different temperatures
For the analysis, representative, postcard-sized samples (approx. 50 g) taken from the modules and in the laboratory furnace burned. The Heating rate was 10 ° C / min and it was 600 ° C, 900 ° C and 1.100 ° C With a holding time of 1 hour To simulate different conditions, both Air and with “burnt air” (1% oxygen content). In total, 21 attempts The reactor had a Inner diameter of 80 mm and was awarded a flow rate of 15 L/min
Results: Heavy metal emissions and ash residues
Particularly striking was the Cd-Te module (cadmium telluride module), in which the heavy metal emissions were examined. 600 ° C was the cadmium release in the Dust negligible, but it increased in 1.100 ° C on over 1 gram of cadmium per kilogram of dust (approx. 0,15 wt% Cd). Other modules emitted heavy metals in smaller quantities. The measured gas concentrations remained low overall.
ash residue analysis
The chemical analysis of the ash residues showed that the found heavy metals is material composition of the modules In the ground melt residues became a heavy metal concentration from up to 0,12 m% detected.
Recommendation: Further investigations under real fire conditions
Based on the results, we recommend further Experiments with entire modules under real fire conditions to obtain more detailed information on the heavy metal emissions to obtain.
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